Polytropos

drawing of Leopold Bloom by James Joyce

There has been much discussion about Emily Wilson's use of the word "complicated" for "polytropos" in her translation of The Odyssey. The word literally translates as "of many turns," according to New Yorker writer Judith Thurman."Shifty" and "cunning" have also been used. The choice firmly places the iconic Greek hero in the world of his mythological successors, one of which is, of course, Leopold Bloom. On a more mundane level Wilson nails it, since Everyman is "complicated" in the modern universe of ambivalent emotions. "Self-involved" is a catchphrase which places a negative spin on the idea of the complicated person. Of course, the nomenclature begs the question of what then is a simple man. Rousseau's Emile, or a Treatise on Education is also called Le Gai Savoir, "the joy of learning," which in turn alludes to Nietzsche's Gay Science. In the state of nature, the mind is a blank slate, upon which the reality of the world is painted. Here is the opening line of the manifesto: "Everything is good as it leaves the hands of the Author of things; everything degenerates in the hands of man." Le Gai Savoir (1969) is btw an early Godard film.

Read "The Great Bonac Footrace of '83" by Francis Levy, The East Hampton Star